The Ukranian question occupied an important place in the politics of prince Adam Czartoryski, the uncrownded king of the Polish emigration. Franciszek Duchinski, a nobleman from Kyiv who was close to Czartoryski in Paris, wrote in an appeal to the peoples of Europe: “To the Dnipro! To the Dnipro! To Kyiev! Oh, Peoples of Europe! There is your unity, for there it is that the little Russians are fighting against Moscow in defence of of their Europoean civilisation.”
